What Does Glycolic Acid Do for Skin

Glycolic acid is one of the most popular and effective ingredients in modern skincare. It’s a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works by exfoliating the top layer of skin, helping to remove dead cells, unclog pores, and promote a brighter, smoother complexion. Derived from sugar cane, glycolic acid has the smallest molecule size of all AHAs, which means it can penetrate the skin more easily and deliver noticeable results when used correctly.

It’s commonly found in toners, cleansers, serums and chemical peels, and is used to treat dullness, rough texture, fine lines, uneven tone and mild acne.

How Glycolic Acid Works

Glycolic acid works by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together on the surface. Once those bonds are loosened, the old skin cells shed more easily, revealing fresher, newer skin underneath. This natural resurfacing process helps to improve radiance and brightness, rough patches and dry areas, fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation, minimise the appearance of fine lines and educe congestion and help prevent breakouts

Because it encourages faster skin turnover, glycolic acid also makes your skin more receptive to other products, allowing serums and moisturisers to absorb more effectively. 

What Skin Types Can Use Glycolic Acid?

Glycolic acid is suitable for most skin types, but it’s particularly helpful for those with dull, uneven or rough skin, as well as those with mild pigmentation issues. However, it can be too strong for very sensitive or reactive skin, especially in high concentrations.

If you’re new to glycolic acid, it’s best to start with a low-percentage formula (around 5%) and use it just a few times a week. Overuse can lead to irritation, redness or peeling, so it’s important to build up slowly and follow instructions carefully.

When and How to Use It

Glycolic acid is typically used in the evening, as it can increase your skin’s sensitivity to sunlight. After cleansing, apply a glycolic acid toner or serum, followed by a moisturiser. Always use broad-spectrum SPF the next morning and every day while using AHAs to protect your skin from UV damage.

You should avoid using glycolic acid alongside other strong actives like retinoids or vitamin C (unless advised by a professional), as this may increase the risk of irritation.

Professional Glycolic Treatments

For more dramatic results, glycolic acid is also used in chemical peels performed by professionals. These treatments use higher concentrations to deeply exfoliate and treat issues like acne scars, sun damage and fine lines. They’re not suitable for everyone and usually require downtime, so they should only be done under trained supervision.

Final Word

Glycolic acid is a powerful exfoliating ingredient that helps reveal brighter, smoother and more even skin. Whether you're targeting dullness, dark spots or early signs of ageing, it can be a game-changer when used carefully. Start slow, protect your skin with SPF, and listen to how your skin responds. With consistent use, glycolic acid can help transform texture and tone without the need for harsh scrubs or heavy treatments.